Malicious Xcode could spread via download manager Xunlei

Analyzer是GreatFire的第一个项目,在2011年上线后,它一如以往的为大家提供测试服务直至今日。现在,我们做了一个新的项目叫做"Blocky",欢迎大家试用这个全新的版本!如果您对此有任何意见和建议,请发送邮件到support@greatfire.org

What’s at stake?

We reported last week that popular Chinese iOS apps were compromised in an unprecedented malware attack. We discovered that the source of the infection was compromised copies of Xcode hosted on Baidu Pan. Apple has published an article urging developers to download Xcode directly from the Mac App Store, or from the Apple Developer website and validate signatures. We’ve now discovered that even if a developer uses a download link seemingly from Apple, he might still be possible to obtain a compromised copy of Xcode.

Please note that we do not have evidence that such attacks has happened. But it is an easy attack that anyone can implement.

How does it work?

This compromise happened because of Xunlei. Xunlei is the most popular download manager in China. Much of its popularity is due to the fact they can accelerate download speeds by pulling resources from other Xunlei users as well as cached copies on the Xunlei server. All of this, however, is invisible to users. Users can simply enter a regular http download address into Xunlei  download manager and the download will start. Chinese developers were using direct download addresses such as http://adcdownload.apple.com/Developer_Tools/Xcode_7/Xcode_7.dmg to download Xcode.

Because of Xunlei’s P2P and server cache, download speeds would be much faster than the Mac App Store. Downloading via Xunlei also means that developers do not need to be enrolled in the Apple developer program. Direct downloads of Xcode via the developer program cost $99. Because the URL belongs to Apple, users were tricked into thinking that the download link was authentic and hence the Xcode copy. But in actual fact, the file is not authentic because it comes from Xunlei’s P2P and server cache.

The way to “host” a compromised copy of Xcode on Apple’s server is to trick Xunlei locally and let the error propagate. For example, a malicious user can hijack adcdownload.apple.com locally via host file and download from a non-exsistant URL http://adcdownload.apple.com/xcode-fake-1.1.1.1.dmg. Xunlei will then correlate this URL with the file specified by the malicious user and provide this file to other innocent users.

This is what actually happens when you use Xunlei to download http://adcdownload.apple.com/xcode-fake-1.1.1.1.dmg

But if you look at the details of the download source, you can see that 0% of the download is from the original server (i.e adcdownload.apple.com) while the server cache accounts for 26% and P2P accounts for 3% of the download.

You can also see that attempts by Xunlei to connect to adcdownload.apple.com were redirected to https://developer.apple.com/unauthorized/  because Apple only allows users in the Apple developer program to access the page.

Malicious attackers can poison Xunlei with a URL similar to a real Apple Xcode URL and then post the fake URL on forums and download sites. Most Chinese users by default use Xunlei to download. In fact, they have to if they are not enrolled in the Apple developer program. Most will have a compromised copy of Xcode, seemingly downloaded from Apple.

 

What can developers do to prevent future attacks?

Our suggestions are exactly the same from our last blog post.

  • Always download Xcode from the official Mac App Store. For other developer tools, always download these from official sources.

  • Always check the digital signature of developer tools. It is irresponsible for developers to ignore signature warnings. Xcode clearly should have been signed by Apple; all other versions should have produced user warnings.

  • Separate your development system with your everyday system. Development systems should be used solely for development and not for browsing random sites. If physical separation presents too much of a problem for developers, at the very least, a dedicated user account for development should be used.

 

Xunlei users should be cautious

As demonstrated above, Xunlei cannot be trusted to download the correct file, even if the download link is HTTPS. Users should manually check hash after download or use the browser’s download function.

 

References:

https://v2ex.com/t/222553

 

评论

更多博客文章

订阅 email
显示 博客 | Google+ | Twitter | 全部 的消息. 使用 RSS 订阅我们的博客。

星期四, 8月 10, 2023

1.4 million people used FreeBrowser to circumvent the Great Firewall of Turkmenistan

Since 2021, the authorities in Turkmenistan have taken exceptional measures to crack down on the use of circumvention tools. Citizens have been forced to swear on the Koran that they will not use a VPN. Circumvention tool websites have been systematically blocked. Arbitrary searches of mobile devices have also taken place and have even targeted school children and teachers.

The government has also blocked servers hosting VPNs which led to “near complete” internet shutdowns on several occasions in 2022. Current reports indicate that 66 hosting providers, 19 social networks and messaging platforms, and 10 leading content delivery networks (CDNs), are blocked in the country. The government presumably is unconcerned about the negative economic impact that such shutdowns can cause.

星期五, 3月 18, 2022

Well-intentioned decisions have just made it easier for Putin to control the Russian Internet

This article is in large part inspired by a recent article from Meduza (in Russian).

Since the beginning of the war in Ukraine, Russian users have had problems accessing government websites and online banking clients. Browsers began to mark these sites as unsafe and drop the connection. The reason is the revocation of digital security certificates by foreign certificate authorities (either as a direct consequence of sanctions or as an independent, good will move); without them, browsers do not trust sites and “protect” their users from them.

However, these actions, caused - or at least triggered by - a desire to punish Russia for their gruesome actions in Ukraine, will have long-lasting consequences for Russian netizens.

Digital certificates are needed to confirm that the site the user wants to visit is not fraudulent. The certificates contain encryption keys to establish a secure connection between the site and the user. It is very easy to understand whether a page on the Internet is protected by a certificate. One need just look at the address bar of the browser. If the address begins with the https:// prefix, and there is a lock symbol next to the address, the page is protected. By clicking on this lock, you can see the status of the connection, the name of the Certification Authority (CA) that issued the certificate, and its validity period.

There are several dozen commercial and non-commercial organizations in the world that have digital root certificates, but 3/4 of all certificates are issued by only five of the largest companies. Four of them are registered in the USA and one is registered in Belgium.

星期一, 8月 03, 2020

GreatFire 应用生成器 发布

GreatFire (https://en.greatfire.org/) 是一家专注于中国的审查监督组织,我们自豪地宣布一个新的反审查工具,该工具将使任何被屏蔽的媒体、博客、人权组织或民间社会组织反制审查,将其内容得以传播到中国和其他互联网审查国家的数百万读者和支持者的手机上。

GreatFire 已经构建了一个名为“GreatFire 应用生成器”的网页程序,任何组织可以使用它来为中国和其他国家的用户解锁他们的内容。任何人可以访问 (https://appmaker.greatfire.org/),该网站将编译一个带有自己logo的应用,并将包含他们以前被封锁的内容。该应用还将包含一个特殊的、绕过审查的网络浏览器,以便用户可以访问未经审查的网络。这些应用将使用包括机器学习在内的多种策略来规避中国当局先进的审查策略。这个项目在其他有类似中国的审查限制的国家也同样有效。对于组织和最终用户而言,这些应用将免费、快速且非常易于使用。

这个项目的灵感来自于GreatFire自己的应用 自由浏览(https://freebrowser.org/en)的第一手经验,并希望帮助那些可能没有内部专业知识来规避中国审查制度的小型非政府组织。GreatFire的反审查工具在中国发挥了作用,而其他工具却没有。自由浏览可以引导中国的互联网用户从应用的首页进入被僧所内容的导航(http://manyvoices.news/)。

   

人权基金会 (HRF) 已经使用 GreatFire 应用生成器 创建了一个应用程序HRF 在全球范围内促进和保护人权。该组织的使命是确保自由在世界范围内得到维护和促进。 HRF 的网站 在中国被封锁, 但现在中国任何人都可以 下载 HRF Android 应用程序 并访问该网站的信息。

“现在是中国政府防火墙倒塌的时候了,”人权基金会战略顾问王珍妮说。 “与我们在 GreatFire 的朋友一起,我们致力于击败中国的审查制度——在每一部手机。”

GreatFire 应用生成器 的起源可以追溯到 2014 年,当时开放技术基金 (OTF) 支持 GreatFire 的“依附的自由”实验。该项目直接导致了 2015 年中国政府的大规模网络攻击,后来被称为“大炮”。 OTF 还为 GreatFire 开发 AppleCensorship.com,该网站正在跟踪苹果对包括香港在内的全球应用商店的审查情况。

自由浏览 是“大炮”攻击的直接结果,五年后,我们很高兴能够向任何可能遭受中国当局审查的组织提供我们的方法。 

星期五, 7月 24, 2020

Apple, anticompetition, and censorship

On July 20, 2020, GreatFire wrote to all 13 members of the Subcommittee on Antitrust, Commercial and Administrative Law of the U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary, requesting a thorough examination into Apple’s practice of censorship of its App Store, and an investigation into how the company collaborates with the Chinese authorities to maintain its unique position as one of the few foreign tech companies operating profitably in the Chinese digital market.  

This letter was sent a week before Apple CEO TIm Cook will be called for questioning in front of the Subcommittee on Antitrust, Commercial and Administrative Law. The CEOs of Amazon, Google and Facebook will also be questioned on July 27, as part of the Committee’s ongoing investigation into competition in the digital marketplace.

This hearing offers an opportunity to detail to the Subcommittee how Apple uses its closed operating ecosystem to not only abuse its market position but also to deprive certain users, most notably those in China, of their right to download and use apps related to privacy, secure communication, and censorship circumvention.

We hope that U.S. House representatives agree with our view that Apple should not be allowed to do elsewhere what would be considered as unacceptable in the U.S. Chinese citizens are not second class citizens. Private companies such as Apple compromise themselves and their self-proclaimed values of freedom and privacy when they collaborate with the Chinese government and its censors.

星期一, 6月 10, 2019

苹果审查中国西藏的信息

苹果在涉及西藏的审查方面有着悠久历史。 2009年,据计算机世界网透露 ,与达赖喇嘛有关的几个应用程序在苹果的中国区应用商店中不存在。这些应用的开发者未收到他们的应用被删除的通知。当面对这些审查制度时,苹果发言人只是说该公司将“继续遵守当地法律”。

2017年12月,在中国的一次会议上,当被问及与中国当局合作审查苹果应用商店时,蒂姆·库克 宣称

“所以你的选择是参与进去,还是站在局外,吼叫着事情应当怎样?我自己的看法非常强烈,你得进入赛场,因为没有任何东西会从局外发生改变。"

自苹果公司首次因与中国当局合作以遏制已被边缘化的声音而被批评的十年间,情况发生了什么变化?苹果继续严格遵守中国当局的审查令。蒂姆库克什么时候会期望他的公司能帮助在中国带来积极的变化?

根据生成的数据 https://applecensorship.com,Apple现在已经审查了在中国应用商店中29个西藏的热门应用程序。关于新闻,宗教研究,旅游甚至游戏的西藏主题应用程序正在被苹果审查。最下方附有完整的审查应用列表。

“苹果的领导力隐藏在他们审查应用程序以遵守模糊的'中国当地法律'的借口,但他们的行为缺乏任何透明度。通过从中国苹果应用商店删除藏文和其他许多应用程序,苹果阻碍了藏人获取信息和自由表达自己的能力,这是国际法下的一项基本人权。“ TibCERT(西藏计算机应急准备小组)的响应协调员Dorjee Phuntsok说道。 他们与GreatFire合作对被屏蔽的应用程序进行了分析。

   2019年1月,GreatFire推出了applecensorship.com。在那时,GreatFire联合创始人马丁约翰逊指出:“苹果公司在其透明度报告中没有分享有关应用商店审查的信息 - 该项目强制透明度。蒂姆库克可以随心所欲地说苹果在中国做了或没有做什么,但 applecensorship.com 提供了可以实际看到苹果实施审查原始数据的途径。

分析苹果在中国审查的iOS应用程序

有许多应用程序由藏人或为藏人制作,苹果正在审查中国区应用商店中的许多应用程序。了解某些应用程序被阻止的方式和原因以及这些决策背后的基本原理非常重要。为了解这一点,TibCERT(西藏应急准备小组)对在中国应用商店中被审查的藏文应用程序进行了分析。该研究使用关键字搜索藏文应用程序,然后使用GreatFire提供的应用程序审查平台。

TibCERT分析了119个以藏语为主题的iOS应用程序。使用“西藏”,“藏人”,“达赖喇嘛”,“佛教”,“藏传佛教”,等关键词搜索苹果应用商店时,可以找到下面列出的应用程序。这些应用程序分为五大类:“宗教或文化”,“媒体/政治”,“娱乐”,“工具”和“教育”。

使用 RSS 订阅我们的博客。

评论

Great article. Thanks for sharing this. Hope you continue providing useful posts like this.

Happy Diwali 2015

I think reading the article on the web that is very useful especially in this website , its very interesting article because it can broaden my thanks :)solutions of prevention and treatment of diseases with herbs AgaricPro, Obat Penyakit Asam Urat and Obat Penyakit Hernia

I think reading the article on the web that is very useful especially in this website , its very interesting article because it can broaden my thanks :)solutions of prevention and treatment of diseases with herbs AgaricPro, Obat Penyakit Asam Urat and Obat Penyakit Hernia

You love PlayBox HD App

Intetesting point on xunlei. It lacks origin integrity checking (normally a big part of p2p). The problem is Xcode dpwnloads take ages as Apple does not provide it from a cdn within China. Maybe Apple themselves need to look at such a peer-to-peer accelerator.

Intetesting point on xunlei. It lacks origin integrity checking (normally a big part of p2p). The problem is Xcode dpwnloads take ages as Apple does not provide it from a cdn within China. Maybe Apple themselves need to look at such a peer-to-peer accelerator.

I enjoyed this article because it is not including worthless information .The author clearly describes the information.
Thank you for sharing this types article.I am waiting for next article.I recommended the custom essay writing service
(http://buyessays.com) for new essay writing tips.

Well written. Great post. Continue posting useful articles like this.

http://techuloid.com/merry-christmas-2015-images-wishes-quotes-pictures-...

Awesome post. Thanks for sharing this informative article. Continue good work.

http://updatescolony.com/64th-miss-universe-2015-live-preview-broadcast-...

Informative post. Thanks for sharing. Hope you Continue posting useful contents.

http://updatescolony.com/happy-new-year-2016-wishes-images-greetings-quo...

Well Written. Great share and thanks for posting such useful articles.

http://techuloid.com/happy-new-year-2016-wishes-quotes-images-greetings-...

Your tips is quite unique. I appreciate the info on your web site. Thanks a lot for sharing!

http://www.goldenglobeawards2016lives.com/

Great post. Thanks for sharing. Hope you Continue posting useful informations.

http://www.happynewyear2016m.com/

Nice post. Thanks for sharing. Hope you Continue posting useful informations.

http://goldenglobeawards2016livestream.com/

Justin Bieber Tickets 2016 || Justin Bieber Concert is back with his long awaited 2016 album Purpose concert tour across the U.S. and Canada. Don’t miss Justin Bieber Concert 2016 and stay with us for tour dates, event details & tickets updates.

Justin Bieber Tickets
http://justinbieberconcert.co/

I would like announce for music lover especially Justin Bieber diehard fan, I think you already guessed it. Yep!! Absolutely right, Justin Bieber concert are coming soon. Who are missed previous concert this time they will must participate this program. Justin Bieber Tickets 2016 are available if you don’t want to miss this mesmerizing concert just collect your ticket. If you are true fan of Justin Bieber, must know about his biography.

The Golden Globes nominations reveal follows two other such announcements this week. As Gossip Cop reported, the 2016 Grammy Awards nominees were unveiled on Monday. And on Wednesday, the Screen Actors Guild revealed the 2016 SAG Awards nominees.

Golden Globe 2016 Live Stream. The 73rd annual Golden Globes Awards Open ceremony Live Stream by The Hollywood Foreign Press, On January 10, 2016 from Beverly Hilton Hotel.

Welcome to 2016. The Golden Globe Awards Live Stream Presentation of the 73rd Annual Announces fixed Key Dates for 2016 Ceremony, It will air at 5 p.m. PT/8 p.m. ET live on NBCfrom the Beverly Hilton, and The Red Carpet Begins at 4 PM EST. Golden Globe Awards Live Stream Awards start at 8 PM.

The Golden Globe Awards Live Stream will take place at the Beverly Hilton Hotel on January 10. But first, the nominees must be announced! The nominations live stream is expected to begin at 8:15 a.m. Eastern Time. Stay tuned! Angela Bassett, Chloe Grace Moretz, Dennis Quaid, and America Ferrera will all participate in the event, revealing the nominees in more than 20 different categories spanning film and television. They’ll be joined by Corinne Foxx, the daughter of Jamie Foxx, who was recently
announced as Miss Golden Globe for the 73rd annual Golden Globes ceremony. Bassett is a Golden Globes winner, as is Ferrera, while Quaid is a former nominee.

NICE THANKING YOU

new year images

How I can speedup my website?
http://www.trickspassion.com/

Great article. Thanks for posting such an useful post. Keep writing more like this.

http://www.royalrumble2016s.com/

Informative article. Thanks for this. Continue posting useful stuffs like this in future

http://www.superbowl2016s.com/

Golden Globe Awards 2016 Live Stream || @ On January 10, 2016 set the date for the 73rd Annual Golden Globe Awards by The Hollywood Foreign Press.

http://goldenglobeawards2016livestream.com/

Your tips is quite unique. I appreciate the info on your web site. Thanks a lot for sharing!

http://egyshellhosting.com/get-your-own-website-only-for-185/

It was well written article and very easy to understand. I wish you very happy new year. if you are looking you are looking for royal rumble results live stream here are very good sites in case you want to visit..if you want to know aboutRoyal Rumble 2016 Live Stream

Thanks for this article. Great share. Keep up your good work.

http://updatescolony.com/best-happy-valentines-day-2016-week-list-quotes...

Wonderful article. Thanks for this informative post. Continue posting great contents.

http://updatescolony.com/super-bowl-2016-live-tv-channels-cbs-online-tea...

Secret codes for mobile phones
http://www.samteck.net

nice article, was able to learn few things, thanks, AirMirror

Friends a very very Happy Chinese New Year 2016 to all of you. Hope this Chinese New Year 2016 will bring a lot of joy and happiness to you and your family.

页面

添加新评论

Filtered HTML

  • 自动将网址与电子邮件地址转变为链接。
  • 允许的HTML标签:<a> <em> <strong> <cite> <blockquote> <code> <ul> <ol> <li> <dl> <dt> <dd>
  • 自动断行和分段。

Plain text

  • 不允许HTML标记。
  • 自动将网址与电子邮件地址转变为链接。
  • 自动断行和分段。
By submitting this form, you accept the Mollom privacy policy.