谷歌在10天内就能结束互联网审查。

Analyzer是GreatFire的第一个项目,在2011年上线后,它一如以往的为大家提供测试服务直至今日。现在,我们做了一个新的项目叫做"Blocky",欢迎大家试用这个全新的版本!如果您对此有任何意见和建议,请发送邮件到support@greatfire.org

在2013年11月20日,谷歌CEO施密特在华盛顿表示

“我们在10年内结束政府主导的互联网审查。解决方案是加密所有内容。”

他还说道 :

他认为中国人民会使用政府无法控制的技术,比如支持同性者权利的运动

“你不能阻止一个好注意,” 施密特说道 “中国会因此而改变.”

如果我们严肃检查施密特说的话,我们必须观察谷歌事实上在全球审查最为严重的互联网国家-中国的所作所为。答案是令人失望的。在近几年来,谷歌唯一为中国做的只是推出了敏感词提醒功能--但即使这个功能也被移除了。更糟糕的是,谷歌对其他国家推出的防审查的技术,却唯独在中国不推出。在NSA风波之后,谷歌在美国默认启用了加密搜索。但在中国,上千个词语被屏蔽,谷歌却视而不见。

虽然谷歌在中国市场上已经承认失败,但其他网站还能做出贡献。Github是知名代码分享网站,并且只支持加密访问,因此无意间突破了中国互联网管制。当用户用Github来传播翻墙软件以及用此建立禁止GFW研究人员入境的白宫情愿,GFW对此网站进行了封锁。但令人差异的是,Github在几天内就被解封了,并且到目前还可以正常访问。原因是Github对于中国程序员以及经济至关重要。这是依附的自由的第一个著名案例。

Github并不是一个以结束中国互联网审查为目标的网站。我们是这样的网站。在这个星期,我们成功的解封了路透社中国的网站,其网站在11月15日被封锁。我们还解封了中国数字时代的网站,其网站长年被中国封锁。我们也为自己的自由微博建立了镜像。在短时间内,上千来自中国的访问者访问了这些镜像。但我们只是资源有限的互联网激进者。如果有哪个公司能大规模启用这种科技,它就是谷歌。用下述的方法,谷歌在10天内就能结束中国审查,而不是10年:

1. 谷歌首先需要默认对谷歌香港((google.com.hk))启用HTTPS加密。谷歌已经对美国等市场这样做了,但没有中国。默认加密会把中国使用谷歌的网民跳转到 https://www.google.com.hk 加密搜索。加密搜索能放置GFW选择性封锁上千个敏感词

2.虽然我们提供了一个比较全面的被中国封锁网站的列表,谷歌拥有了全球任何国家封锁网站的列表。如果用户尝试从谷歌搜索结果访问一个被封锁的网站,谷歌应该将用户重定向至谷歌建立的镜像网站。

就是这样。这两个简单的方案能让谷歌在月末内结束中国互联网审查。在年底前,谷歌能结束任何地方的互联网审查。这比不作恶好太多了,我们可以一起庆祝。

批评者会说“这样做的话,谷歌可能被完全封锁”。但我们说“谷歌,如果GFW不封锁你,自由胜利了。如果GFW封锁你,反抗互联网审查的力量在中国会增加许多,整个体制会被迫改变。自由也会胜利!”

赢-赢。如果中国政府不敢封锁Github,那么其更加不敢封锁Google了。

我们认为谷歌太重要以至于中国政府不敢完全封锁谷歌。他们尝试过,但一天后就解封了。他们有时候让谷歌服务比如Gmail非常难以使用。但是谷歌的服务对中国境内许多个人已经商业是非常重要的,完全封锁谷歌会有立即以及显著的经济后果

Github是解封的先例。当一月初程序员发现无法使用Github的时候,他们异常愤怒,这并不是审查机构常常遇到的反应。那次,金钱在说话,每一个中国人都知道钱的威力。3天后,估计是判断封锁造成的经济后果,中国解封了Github。

Github是一个对开发者非常重要的服务。但和谷歌相比起来还是差远了。想像以下没有谷歌的世界。没有谷歌搜索,没有Chrome,所有Gmail私人或者工作邮件都无法访问。众多依赖谷歌的网站都无法访问。

我们提出的建议在技术上非常容易。我们早就多次呼吁谷歌默认对搜多加密。但谷歌在斯诺登时间之后才悄悄对美国市场默认启用加密。

用户输入 在中国跳转 在美国跳转
http://www.google.com http://www.google.com.hk https://www.google.com
https://www.google.com http://www.google.com.hk https://www.google.com
http://www.google.com.hk http://www.google.com.hk https://www.google.com.hk
https://www.google.com.hk https://www.google.com.hk https://www.google.com.hk

每当用户在搜索结果中点击网站,而网站被封锁了,谷歌都能更具Google统计来推算出网站在某地区被封锁。谷歌还具有了互联网所有网站的目录。如果某网站被封锁,当用户点击搜索结果时,谷歌可以将用户重定向到没有封锁的镜像网站上,这对谷歌来说技术上非常容易。他们可以在镜像页面上注明“此网页被你所在国家封锁,但我们为保护你的自由将你重定向至镜像网站。” 其实谷歌已经做了一半了。谷歌缓存了大部分网站,并提供缓存给用户。提供缓存的域名不是谷歌主域名,在中国被封锁。谷歌可以将缓存放到主域名下,比如 https://www.google.com/webcache (和国家域名,比如.com.hk)。 这样GFW没有办法在不完全封锁谷歌的情况下封锁网页快照。

这对于谷歌来说时一个大赌局。但中国还没有封锁我们给自由微博路透社中国数字时代的镜像. 这是谷歌动作的时机。

我们用技术来创建镜像网站。但我们创建路透社和中国数字时代网站并没有花很长时间。谷歌在眨眼间就可以完成我们做的事情。这可以让施密特的梦变成显示并且永远结束互联网审查。谷歌可能需要指派一些开发者去完成这些工作,但这是谷歌。他们可能一夜内吃这披萨就能完成了。

如果简单的解决方案,那谷歌为什么不早就这么做了么? 谷歌进入中国市场的步骤是圆滑的。但谷歌退出中国市场的时候,他们的声明是比较尖锐的。谷歌知道它可以结束互联网审查,中国政府除非完全封锁谷歌,没有办法阻止谷歌的做法。为什么谷歌没有这样做呢,尤其是在中国首先出招的时候?

谷歌在中国仍然有3个工作室(北京,上海和广州)。谷歌认为工作室会被迫关闭么?他们是在保护中国员工的安全么(David Drummond 在2010年3月的博文中暗示过)。但是谷歌肯定可以将员工迁移到其他地区,或者为其找到新的工作。难道谷歌是担心员工的人身安全么?

谷歌是担心其在中国的利润么? 可能吧。但其3%的市场份额和谷歌在其他国家的市场是无法相比的。事实上,如果谷歌按照我们说的做的话,谷歌能得到更多的广告费。

肯定已经有谷歌内部员工向谷歌提出过类似的建议。为什么谷歌不肯这样做? 施密特,全球最大互联网公司总裁,认为信息自由是非常重要的。但施密特不应该低估其自己公司能为信息自用做出的贡献。

 

 

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星期四, 8月 10, 2023

1.4 million people used FreeBrowser to circumvent the Great Firewall of Turkmenistan

Since 2021, the authorities in Turkmenistan have taken exceptional measures to crack down on the use of circumvention tools. Citizens have been forced to swear on the Koran that they will not use a VPN. Circumvention tool websites have been systematically blocked. Arbitrary searches of mobile devices have also taken place and have even targeted school children and teachers.

The government has also blocked servers hosting VPNs which led to “near complete” internet shutdowns on several occasions in 2022. Current reports indicate that 66 hosting providers, 19 social networks and messaging platforms, and 10 leading content delivery networks (CDNs), are blocked in the country. The government presumably is unconcerned about the negative economic impact that such shutdowns can cause.

星期五, 3月 18, 2022

Well-intentioned decisions have just made it easier for Putin to control the Russian Internet

This article is in large part inspired by a recent article from Meduza (in Russian).

Since the beginning of the war in Ukraine, Russian users have had problems accessing government websites and online banking clients. Browsers began to mark these sites as unsafe and drop the connection. The reason is the revocation of digital security certificates by foreign certificate authorities (either as a direct consequence of sanctions or as an independent, good will move); without them, browsers do not trust sites and “protect” their users from them.

However, these actions, caused - or at least triggered by - a desire to punish Russia for their gruesome actions in Ukraine, will have long-lasting consequences for Russian netizens.

Digital certificates are needed to confirm that the site the user wants to visit is not fraudulent. The certificates contain encryption keys to establish a secure connection between the site and the user. It is very easy to understand whether a page on the Internet is protected by a certificate. One need just look at the address bar of the browser. If the address begins with the https:// prefix, and there is a lock symbol next to the address, the page is protected. By clicking on this lock, you can see the status of the connection, the name of the Certification Authority (CA) that issued the certificate, and its validity period.

There are several dozen commercial and non-commercial organizations in the world that have digital root certificates, but 3/4 of all certificates are issued by only five of the largest companies. Four of them are registered in the USA and one is registered in Belgium.

星期一, 8月 03, 2020

GreatFire 应用生成器 发布

GreatFire (https://en.greatfire.org/) 是一家专注于中国的审查监督组织,我们自豪地宣布一个新的反审查工具,该工具将使任何被屏蔽的媒体、博客、人权组织或民间社会组织反制审查,将其内容得以传播到中国和其他互联网审查国家的数百万读者和支持者的手机上。

GreatFire 已经构建了一个名为“GreatFire 应用生成器”的网页程序,任何组织可以使用它来为中国和其他国家的用户解锁他们的内容。任何人可以访问 (https://appmaker.greatfire.org/),该网站将编译一个带有自己logo的应用,并将包含他们以前被封锁的内容。该应用还将包含一个特殊的、绕过审查的网络浏览器,以便用户可以访问未经审查的网络。这些应用将使用包括机器学习在内的多种策略来规避中国当局先进的审查策略。这个项目在其他有类似中国的审查限制的国家也同样有效。对于组织和最终用户而言,这些应用将免费、快速且非常易于使用。

这个项目的灵感来自于GreatFire自己的应用 自由浏览(https://freebrowser.org/en)的第一手经验,并希望帮助那些可能没有内部专业知识来规避中国审查制度的小型非政府组织。GreatFire的反审查工具在中国发挥了作用,而其他工具却没有。自由浏览可以引导中国的互联网用户从应用的首页进入被僧所内容的导航(http://manyvoices.news/)。

   

人权基金会 (HRF) 已经使用 GreatFire 应用生成器 创建了一个应用程序HRF 在全球范围内促进和保护人权。该组织的使命是确保自由在世界范围内得到维护和促进。 HRF 的网站 在中国被封锁, 但现在中国任何人都可以 下载 HRF Android 应用程序 并访问该网站的信息。

“现在是中国政府防火墙倒塌的时候了,”人权基金会战略顾问王珍妮说。 “与我们在 GreatFire 的朋友一起,我们致力于击败中国的审查制度——在每一部手机。”

GreatFire 应用生成器 的起源可以追溯到 2014 年,当时开放技术基金 (OTF) 支持 GreatFire 的“依附的自由”实验。该项目直接导致了 2015 年中国政府的大规模网络攻击,后来被称为“大炮”。 OTF 还为 GreatFire 开发 AppleCensorship.com,该网站正在跟踪苹果对包括香港在内的全球应用商店的审查情况。

自由浏览 是“大炮”攻击的直接结果,五年后,我们很高兴能够向任何可能遭受中国当局审查的组织提供我们的方法。 

星期五, 7月 24, 2020

Apple, anticompetition, and censorship

On July 20, 2020, GreatFire wrote to all 13 members of the Subcommittee on Antitrust, Commercial and Administrative Law of the U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary, requesting a thorough examination into Apple’s practice of censorship of its App Store, and an investigation into how the company collaborates with the Chinese authorities to maintain its unique position as one of the few foreign tech companies operating profitably in the Chinese digital market.  

This letter was sent a week before Apple CEO TIm Cook will be called for questioning in front of the Subcommittee on Antitrust, Commercial and Administrative Law. The CEOs of Amazon, Google and Facebook will also be questioned on July 27, as part of the Committee’s ongoing investigation into competition in the digital marketplace.

This hearing offers an opportunity to detail to the Subcommittee how Apple uses its closed operating ecosystem to not only abuse its market position but also to deprive certain users, most notably those in China, of their right to download and use apps related to privacy, secure communication, and censorship circumvention.

We hope that U.S. House representatives agree with our view that Apple should not be allowed to do elsewhere what would be considered as unacceptable in the U.S. Chinese citizens are not second class citizens. Private companies such as Apple compromise themselves and their self-proclaimed values of freedom and privacy when they collaborate with the Chinese government and its censors.

星期一, 6月 10, 2019

苹果审查中国西藏的信息

苹果在涉及西藏的审查方面有着悠久历史。 2009年,据计算机世界网透露 ,与达赖喇嘛有关的几个应用程序在苹果的中国区应用商店中不存在。这些应用的开发者未收到他们的应用被删除的通知。当面对这些审查制度时,苹果发言人只是说该公司将“继续遵守当地法律”。

2017年12月,在中国的一次会议上,当被问及与中国当局合作审查苹果应用商店时,蒂姆·库克 宣称

“所以你的选择是参与进去,还是站在局外,吼叫着事情应当怎样?我自己的看法非常强烈,你得进入赛场,因为没有任何东西会从局外发生改变。"

自苹果公司首次因与中国当局合作以遏制已被边缘化的声音而被批评的十年间,情况发生了什么变化?苹果继续严格遵守中国当局的审查令。蒂姆库克什么时候会期望他的公司能帮助在中国带来积极的变化?

根据生成的数据 https://applecensorship.com,Apple现在已经审查了在中国应用商店中29个西藏的热门应用程序。关于新闻,宗教研究,旅游甚至游戏的西藏主题应用程序正在被苹果审查。最下方附有完整的审查应用列表。

“苹果的领导力隐藏在他们审查应用程序以遵守模糊的'中国当地法律'的借口,但他们的行为缺乏任何透明度。通过从中国苹果应用商店删除藏文和其他许多应用程序,苹果阻碍了藏人获取信息和自由表达自己的能力,这是国际法下的一项基本人权。“ TibCERT(西藏计算机应急准备小组)的响应协调员Dorjee Phuntsok说道。 他们与GreatFire合作对被屏蔽的应用程序进行了分析。

   2019年1月,GreatFire推出了applecensorship.com。在那时,GreatFire联合创始人马丁约翰逊指出:“苹果公司在其透明度报告中没有分享有关应用商店审查的信息 - 该项目强制透明度。蒂姆库克可以随心所欲地说苹果在中国做了或没有做什么,但 applecensorship.com 提供了可以实际看到苹果实施审查原始数据的途径。

分析苹果在中国审查的iOS应用程序

有许多应用程序由藏人或为藏人制作,苹果正在审查中国区应用商店中的许多应用程序。了解某些应用程序被阻止的方式和原因以及这些决策背后的基本原理非常重要。为了解这一点,TibCERT(西藏应急准备小组)对在中国应用商店中被审查的藏文应用程序进行了分析。该研究使用关键字搜索藏文应用程序,然后使用GreatFire提供的应用程序审查平台。

TibCERT分析了119个以藏语为主题的iOS应用程序。使用“西藏”,“藏人”,“达赖喇嘛”,“佛教”,“藏传佛教”,等关键词搜索苹果应用商店时,可以找到下面列出的应用程序。这些应用程序分为五大类:“宗教或文化”,“媒体/政治”,“娱乐”,“工具”和“教育”。

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评论

But surely it's trivial for the chinese authorities to just block *.google.* altogether and suddenly you don't even have the option for using google or any of it's services.

This all nothing more than PR. Microsoft and friends can solve censorship in half a day. All they need to do is roll out an update that enable Opportunistic IPSec to all Windows users and server.

This function is already built, the amount of work Microsoft has to do is minimal. It's just a matter of making sure every (or most users and services) enable it.

Of course this will never happen because it wouldn't just mess with the Chinese Great Firewall, it would also interfere with the NSA's work.

The Chinese authorities have made Google unattractive enough that it only has a 3% market share in China. Youtube is completely inaccessible in China. How "crucial" can it be?

Putting the cache under google.com is a security risk for Google because of the cached content will operate under same (sub)domain rules. Just saying; there's no need to get so technical in the article.

Surely google china will be closed entirely. What a stupid idea! You don't Know China.

When I go to Google China, it's https by default. So did they change something in the past few days?

"But surely it's trivial for the chinese authorities to just block *.google.* altogether and suddenly you don't even have the option for using google or any of it's services."

Bingo. As I read this article, I was waiting for this question to be addressed, and it was never really answered to my satisfaction.

Saying "Google is too big and important to block" overlooks two key points:

1) the Party treats control over information as an issue of existential importance, and;

2) there are a number of viable "second-best" options for the Chinese internet user performing a search. Many Chinese friends of mine actually prefer Baidu.

So please explain to me: who is the constituency who would raise a hue and cry such that the Party--confronted with what it would perceive as an existential threat to its existence--would back down and unblock Google's main search page?

I am by no means arguing against efforts to circumvent, damage, or destroy the GFW. I find its existence appalling. But I'm also disturbed by articles such as this one, which present facile solutions to complicated problems, employing lazy logic and unsupported assumptions to cast companies such as Google (which seems at least to be TRYING to do the right thing) in the ill-fitting role of bad guy; or if not bad guy, then at least an enabler.

Was this article run by the advisory board? Given the level of subtlety and understanding on display in Rebecca MacKinnon's writings on the Chinese internet, I find it hard to believe that she would endorse this article's conclusions wholesale.

"existential threat to its existence"

redundancy win is redundant

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  • 自动断行和分段。

Plain text

  • 不允许HTML标记。
  • 自动将网址与电子邮件地址转变为链接。
  • 自动断行和分段。
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